Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive

Question: Talk about the Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive. Answer: Presentation Indigenous Australians keep being a retrogressive class with high frequency of sick health(Katzenellenbogen, 2010). Factual examination of wellbeing among indigenous and non-indigenous people shows that Aboriginal and Indigenous Australians endure more wellbeing and related illnesses prompting high affirmation rates in clinics. Because of the area in remote spots of these native individuals there is a hole in the wellbeing administrations got by them and rest of the Australians. The high weight of illnesses among Aboriginal can likewise be because of liquor, tobacco, medicate misuse, high weight, deficient physical exercises, hypertensions, elevated levels of cholesterol, low leafy foods consumption, perilous sex, accomplice savagery, kid sexual maltreatment cases, etc. The examination underneath portrays the complexity between indigenous Australians and non-native Australians. Examination Difference in wellbeing among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians demonstrate that emergency clinic affirmations among native Australians is 25% more contrasted with those of non-aboriginals(Bradshaw, 2010). The couple of measures against which wellbeing can be analyzed is hospitalization rate, future, spending on wellbeing, wellbeing status, wellbeing elements, etc. An indigenous Australian is relied upon to be hospitalized at a 2.3 occasions more when thought about against the rate of maladies. Most extreme number of patients conceded among indigenous individuals is because of renal dialysis. Future among indigenous and non-indigenous individuals is right around multi year time frame. Because of the unfortunate way of life and low access to wellbeing offices an indigenous Australian is required to bite the dust previously and a common Australian. Australian legislative wellbeing spending on aboriginals vis- - vis common Australians additionally reflected distinct contrast. Consumption on indigenous individuals was required to be 1.5 occasions higher when contrasted with use on any Australian(Kariminia, 2007). Investigation of definite wellbeing status of aboriginals versus conventional Australians reflects higher predominance of type-2 diabetes, malignant growths, newborn child mortality, emotional well-being, oral wellbeing illnesses and pneumococcal maladies. High rate of maladies and transcendence of different sick wellbeing mirrors that general Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals experience encounters more unfortunate wellbeing when contrasted with that of common Australians(Petheram, 2010). The different reasons ascribed to the factor is packed lodging, low instruction levels, lower joblessness, deficiency of lodging or infrastructural offices contrasted with different Australians. End Common conditions impactsly affect wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians which is again ascribed to irresistible ailments, terrible eating routine, high stoutness levels, etc. Generally low quality eating routine is the explanation that raises chance variables and rate of ailments fundamentally. There is a related significant level of consumption on refreshments and sugar improved drinks contrasted with foods grown from the ground. Research additionally delineates a changed kind of hazard factors related with native individuals. There are a whole of 11 hazard factors that are related with weight of sicknesses related with them. Among sicknesses there is an elevated level of preventable infections among them that can be extemporized by methods for appropriate eating regimen. Such huge variables are being exploration to such an extent that general wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres waterway individuals can be extemporized. References Bradshaw, P. J., Alfonso, H. S., Finn, J., Owen, J., Thompson, P. L. (2010). The utilization of coronary revascularisation techniques in urban Australian Aboriginals and a coordinated all inclusive community: coronary strategies in Aboriginals.Heart, Lung and Circulation,19(4), 247-250. Ospina, M. B., Voaklander, D. C., Stickland, M. K., King, M., Senthilselvan, A., Rowe, B. H. (2012). Predominance of asthma and ceaseless obstructive pneumonic sickness in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populaces: an orderly audit and meta-investigation of epidemiological studies.Canadian respiratory journal,19(6), 355-360. Kariminia, A., Butler, T., Levy, M. (2007). Native and non?Aboriginal wellbeing differentials in Australian prisoners.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,31(4), 366-371. Katzenellenbogen, J. M., Sanfilippo, F. M., Hobbs, M. S., Briffa, T. G., Ridout, S. C., Knuiman, M. W., ... Thompson, S. C. (2010). Frequency of and case casualty following intense myocardial localized necrosis in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Western Australians (20002004): a connected information study.Heart, Lung and Circulation,19(12), 717-725.

Market Opportunity Identification Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Opportunity Identification - Lab Report Example The report will likewise assess the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) presented by the Chinese market. The potential purchaser advertise in China for the online travel administrations offered Wotif.com will be examined so as to check the allure of the market. The Chinese economy has encountered a colossal development in the ongoing past. Before the financial downturn set in, the economy of China was developing at two digit levels yearly (Ding 5). It is prominent that even with the effects of the worldwide money related emergency adversely influencing numerous economies on the planet, China is as yet encountering an essentially higher financial development rate. The Chinese economy is significantly enhanced with classes, for example, producing, mining, vitality, administrations, land among others. This suggests the development in the economy cuts over all the major monetary parts including the travel industry and Information Communication Technology (ICT). In this manner, China is an appealing global speculation goal as its economy offers chances for business development and extension. It is eminent that China has the most noteworthy populace on the planet presently remaining at more than two billion individuals (Tian 2011). Most of the populace involves nearby individuals. The high populace offers an immense residential market that can be saddled for business gain. China has a stable world of politics with the initiative of the nation depended on the Communist Party. The progress structures in China are clear and there are no odds of political changes or extraordinary changes in arrangement. The Communist Party chooses the President who is the head of state and the Prime Minister who fills in as the head of government. The centralization of intensity has guaranteed that there are uniform financial arrangements in China and insignificant possibilities for political changes. The administration has additionally received

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety

The Positive Side to Your Anxiety PTSD Symptoms Print The Positive Side to Your Anxiety By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 09, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Mixmike/Getty Images Most people view anxiety and fear as very unpleasant emotions, especially people with an anxiety disorder such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is because anxiety and fear are often associated with uncomfortable bodily sensations, such as increased heart rate, muscle tension, sweating, racing thoughts, shortness of breath, and tunnel vision. In fact, anxiety and fear are often viewed as negative emotions. Even though anxiety and fear may feel unpleasant or uncomfortable, they are in no way negative. They actually serve a very important purpose, and it would be very hard to get by in life without these emotions. What Are Anxiety and Fear? Anxiety and fear are natural human emotions. They are our bodys alarm system. They occur in response to situations where we may be in danger or at risk for some kind of harm. Fear is an emotion that is experienced when we are actually in a dangerous situation, whereas anxiety is an emotion that occurs when we expect or anticipate that something unpleasant may happen. Take the analogy of riding a rolling coaster. Anxiety is what we would experience as we climb that first big hill, anticipating that something scary is going to happen soon (going down the other side of the hill). Fear is what we experience as we are actually going down that big hill. What Do Anxiety and Fear Do? Fear and anxiety tell us that there is some kind of danger present, and all the bodily sensations that go along with fear and anxiety are essentially designed to help us respond to that danger. Anxiety and fear are preparing us to flee, freeze, or to fight. They are part of our bodys built-in fight-or-flight response. This alarm system has been around for a long time. We likely would not have made it as a human race without it. Because it has worked so well for such a long time, it is very developed. It works fast with little effort. It is, in many ways, an automatic response. We dont have to think about this response. We dont have to deliberately set it off. If we detect or perceive a threat, this response can be immediately activated whether we want it to or not. When Anxiety and Fear Disrupt Your Life Just because anxiety and fear serve an important function for us, it does not mean that they dont have their downsides. They do. As humans, we have the ability to think and use our imagination to come up with possible scenarios that we may encounter in the future. For example, if you are going out on a first date or a job interview, you have the ability to think about how those experiences may turn out. If you can imagine them going bad, this is likely going to result in anxiety, even though a negative outcome hasnt really occurred â€" you only imagined that one would occur. Thus, our bodys natural alarm system can be activated even if a real threat is not present. Fearing a negative outcome may then lead to some kind of avoidance behavior. For example, if we expect a date to go badly, we may avoid going out on that date. Or, if we expect a job interview to turn out negatively, we may seek out a job that is less challenging or easier to get. These choices may interfere with our ability to build a meaningful and positive life for ourselves. In addition, anxiety and fear can take us out of the present moment. If we are constantly worrying about what negative things could happen to our children, it may prevent us from really engaging with them. We may be distracted and less likely to enjoy spending time with them. If you are ruminating about something bad that happened to you during the day while you are with friends and family, you may be less likely to really connect and enjoy your time with them. Anxiety and Fear in PTSD People with PTSD may have fear and anxiety that is much more frequent and intense than those without PTSD. In PTSD, the bodys fight-or-flight response becomes more sensitive, so it is constantly being activated. In addition, people with PTSD may become hypervigilant to signals of danger or threat in their environment. As a result, they may constantly feel on edge, fearful, or tense. When Are Both Useful? Anxiety and fear also have upsides. Anxiety and fear can signal that something is very important to us. For example, if you are worried about your children, it is likely because you really care about them. If you didnt have a strong relationship with them, you may experience less worry. If you are anxious about a job interview, it may be because you really want that job â€" it matters to you. If you didnt care about the job or didnt really need it, you likely would not find the situation so threatening or anxiety-provoking. Sometimes it can be important to override our anxiety and fear system. Even if our body is telling us to avoid something, we can move forward anyway, especially if we are moving toward something that is meaningful and consistent with our goals. We may not have much control over our emotions or thoughts; however, we can always control our behaviors. At any moment, regardless of what we feel on the inside, we can make a choice to engage in behaviors that are consistent with our goals. Coping With Anxiety and Fear There are many skills that can make it easier to move forward in life despite anxiety and fear. Diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are two effective ways of coping with anxiety and fear. Mindfulness may also help you take a step back from unpleasant thoughts and emotions, allowing you to better connect with your present moment experience. The next time you experience anxiety or fear, take a look at it. Ask yourself if the anxiety is stemming from a real or imagined threat. Try to determine whether the anxiety may be telling you that something is important or matters to you, and if so, make the choice to move forward, taking your anxiety along with you for a ride. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Profile of the Nazi Low Riders - NLR

The Nazi Low Riders (also known as the NLR) originated during the 1970s inside a California Youth Authority facility and is closely associated with the two gangs - Aryan Brotherhood (AB) and the Public Enemy Number One (PEN1). Founded by John Stinson, a white supremacist inmate, the gang was originally formed to act on behalf of the powerful Aryan Brotherhood. Alliances were made and the NLR acted as errand boys to the AB. In the 1980s, the authorities worked hard to break up the AB by isolating its known members in maximum lockup prisons like Pelican Bay and other Security Housing Units (SHUs) and the NLR was needed to conduct AB business in the medium security prisons. Up to this point, the NLR was viewed by prison officials more as a troublesome group rather than a gang. But with its strong alliance with the AB, which had proven to be the most powerful and ruthless prison gang, the NLR began to grow and prison officials took notice. Unlike the AB with its strict - whites only - policy, the NLR permitted some Hispanics to join. Money, not racial purity, seemed to be their ultimate goal. However, in 1999, the NLR was officially classified by CDC authorities as a prison gang causing its membership to also be housed in SHUs, thus diminishing the NLRs usefulness to the AB. Organizational Structure Unlike their AB mentors, the NLR has a simple structure which is adhered to more inside the prisons than on the streets. There is a three-tier system: Seniors: Requires five years of gang membership and at least three seniors must elect the candidate.Juniors: Act in the  capacity of foot soldiers and may recruit new members, but cannot induct new members into the gang.Kids: Are recruits generally coming from smaller gangs. Symbols - Tattoos SwastikasNLR - Nazi Low RidersSS - Lightning boltsHH - Heil Hitler88 - The numerical equal to HHWP - White PowerWSU - White Student UnionAYM - Aryan Youth Movement There are no strict rules about placement of NLR tattoos. In fact, many NLR members are hiding their tattoos in order to avoid being detected as a member and thus being sent to a maximum security prison. Others tell prison officials that the NLR tattoo stands for No Longer Racist. Enemies/Rivals American MafiaBloodsCripsNorteà ±osBlack Guerrilla FamilyNuestra FamiliaMara SalvatruchaLos Angeles crime familyRussian MafiaFriends Stand UnitedLos ZetasOutlawsIsraeli Mafia Allies Aryan BrotherhoodPublic Enemy No.1 Today the NLR operates on the streets, but primarily inside prisons. They have engaged in a variety of criminal activity including extortion, the production and distribution of illegal narcotics, assault, hate crimes, and murder. There are an estimated 1,000 members spread across California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois and Florida. Internal Struggles In recent years the gang has had some internal struggles over the race issue. One group wants to adopt the Aryan Brotherhood policy of pure white members only, while others want to remain with a half-white ancestry and no black ancestry policy for membership. The Nazi Low Riders Oath I, as a Nazi Low Rider, hereby swear an unrelenting oath upon the green graves of our sires, upon the children in the wombs of our wives, upon the throne of god almighty, sacred to his name, to join together in the holy union with the brothers in this circle and to declare forthright that from this day moment on that I have no fear of death, no fear of foe, that I have a sacred duty to do whatever is necessary to deliver our people from the Jew and bring total victory to the Nazi Low Riders.I, as a Nazi Low Rider Warrior, swear myself to complete secrecy to the Order and total loyalty to my comrades.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you fall in battle, I will see to the welfare and well-being of your family.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you be taken prisoner, I will do whatever is necessary to regain your freedom.Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should an enemy agent hurt you, I will chase him to the ends of the ear th and remove his head from his body.And furthermore, let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that if I break this oath let me be forever cursed upon the lips of our people as a coward and an oath breaker.My brothers, let us be his battle-ax and weapons of war. Let us go forward by ones and twos, by scores and legions and as true Nazi Low Riders with pure hearts and strong minds face the enemies of our brotherhood and families, with courage and determination.We hereby invoke the blood covenant and declare that we are in a full state of war and will not lay down our weapons until we have driven the enemy into the sea and reclaimed that which is rightfully ours. Through our blood and gods will, the land will be that of our children. UNTIL DEATH

Dantes Inferno vs. Miltons Paradise Lost - 901 Words

Dante s Inferno Vs. Milton s Paradise Lost The two stories, Inferno by Dante and Paradise Lost by Milton, were written about the biblical hell and its keeper: Satan. Both of these authors had different views about the hell and Satan. In Paradis Lost, Milton wrote that Satan used to be an angel of God. The devil believed that he was equal to the Lord and he wanted to be greater than him. For this, God banished him to hell. Milton s physical description of Satan is interesting. Since he used to be an angel, he still had wings, his eyes were blazed and he had a scaly skin. Satan was also an immense creature; the usual giant, 21 feet tall. It is noted that Satan had only one head, but Milton s depiction of him was this basic†¦show more content†¦Both Dante and Milton had wonderful detailed views of Satan himself, and the hell in which he lives. These two views in their on light were descriptive and captivating but different. The two authors had differenciated opinions and it was clearly evident in their literature. In Dante s divine comedy, there are countless references to all forms of sins and the punishments of those who committed them. Dante goes into great detail when describing these sins and their consequences. Each punishment is perfectly fitting to the crime itself, so that the sinner desereves exactly what he is facing. Dante s work teaches the reader that sin is to be despised, and yet simultaneously weaves his own symbolism and meaning into his book. The Inferno is a book that can be read over and over because of how dense and complicated each canto is. Therefore, I will analyze one very specific canto which is widely known and loved and which caught my own attention. My analysis will be on Canto V, which takes place in the second circle of Hell. Starting off with the first three lines in Canto V, Dante creates the image of how hell is shaped. He says, â€Å"†¦It encloses a smaller space, but so much more suffering that it goads the souls to shriek†. From this we can conclude that the first enclosure of Hell is Limbo and that each successive enclosure or circle gets smaller and smaller creating a funnel-like shape. Yet, while the circles get smallerShow MoreRelatedSatan in Paradaise Lost and Dantes Inferno1138 Words   |  5 Pagesevery dawn of time, man has had to make swift judgements. The main point of all judgement is appearance and such this is most logical place to start. Appearance plays a rather crucial role in the works under the scope of this essay. Firstly, in Paradise Lost one should note that a reoccurring theme of: â€Å"its better to rule in Hell then be a servant in Heaven,† (Milton.I.263) makes a few significant points regarding make aspects into the neosis of Satan, but more so the appea rance of Satan. The line

Comparing Between Government and Private Education in Egypt Free Essays

What’s the most flexible parasite known to mankind? I believe it is an idea. A single idea within the boundaries of the human mind can build cities. An idea can completely transform the world and rewrite all the rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Between Government and Private Education in Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now A single idea, in the right person’s head, could do wonders – an idea in the head of a scientist could convert into a lifesaving invention or discovery (such as electricity, sanitation); in the head of a nation leader it could provide the means for peaceful solutions rather than life-shattering decisions of war and gore; in an architect’s head it would mean the building of a world wonder like the Great Pyramid of Giza, Stonehenge, the Taj Mahal or the Great Wall of China.Yet ideas are not suddenly generated in people’s minds out of nowhere – the sparkling seed of such incredible ideas, in fact, rooted in the education they receive for the better part of their lives. The topic will be comparing between private and government educations in Egypt, this particular topic were chosen because iam familiar with it and have a background, also it’s interested. In the following lines I will discuss what education, the foundation of education in Egypt, the deferent between education in past and now days.Although the central focus of this paper will be education in universities, still i will mention education in schools, because it’s a part of the education process. Also will discuss the education system in Egypt (basic, secondary, post-secondary, and Al Azhar), then the deferent between government and private schools and universities. The applied part will compare between Misr International University and Ain Shams University. Afterward, will mention the possible resolutions and at end the conclusion II. What is education?What is education? Cambridge university press defined education as â€Å"the process of teaching and learning in school o r college, or the knowledge that you get from this â€Å". Education had started in Ancient Egypt from thousands of years. Starting from age four, the kids go to schools were they used to learn arithmetic, chiefly reading, writing, sports, manors and morals. Afternoon the boys used to get to learn their dad’s job, while girls were trained by their mothers to be good wife and for the motherhood. Education in past and now daysEarly in the 19th century higher schools were established by Mohammed Ali to prepare cadres for military. About fifty years later the Educational system (basic, secondary, and post-secondary) was spread by Ismail Pasha across Egypt. Schools were still not familiar and popular by that time, also there was shortage of teachers, some of the main reasons were low salaries, and better setting in other countries. In article African women in engineering and science, it was stated that in 1873 the first primary school for girls. In 1921 the first secondary school was open.In 1923, education became obligatory for males and females by law. Women started to join Cairo University in 1928. By the time Education has developed. it was state In the article â€Å"education† it’s stated that in 1975 primary school enrollments increased by 4. 1 percent yearly, and the intermediate schools by 6. 9 percent yearly, also in the same article it were declared that from 1951 till 1979 registration in public universities increased by 1400 percent . Now a day’s Egypt is recognized by its higher education worldwide, a lot of schools and well known universities are spread out all around Egypt.Also Egypt is well known for receiving a huge numbers of foreign students. III. Education systems in Egypt The education systems contain three stages, basic education, secondary education, and post secondary education. The basic education includes three levels, first two years in kindergarten followed by six years in primary school then three years in preparatory school. Promotional exams are done in that stage. The secondary education hold three levels (grade 9, 11, and 12) and the exams are countrywide or standardized. Universities studies begin from post-secondary education, due to the huge numbers of universities through Egypt, teaching and examination procedure differ from each university. Al-Azhar education is totally diverse from the previous levels, its holds of primary stage (four years), preparatory stage (3 years), and secondary stage (3 years). Then the students are automatically accepted in Al Azhar University. There are almost 8,000 Al Azhar schools crosswise Egypt and only one university. All students areMuslims and religious subjects are touched though all stages, as well girls and boys are separated in different classes. IV. Types of Schools and universities Government schools Government schools was established in the 19th century, it includes two types (experimental language schools and Arabic schools) , in experimental language schools the teaching in English but only social studies is teached in Arabic, and French is add as second language in preparatory stage. In Arabic schools, all subject are teached in Arabic except the English language, also French is added in the secondary stage.Mona Makram Ebeid states that Egypt, largely non-democratic and patriarchal, human rights violations, and obscurantism, and the dictatorial approach of teachers for students of all present. It is hoped to be displayed discipline in the civic education curriculum, where a teacher learners can support principles of democracy through good examples and public advocacy, and able to rise a new generation of creative citizens and officials concerned. Private schools There are four types of private schools (ordinary schools, language schools, religious schools, and international schools).Ordinary schools are parallel to public schools, but the only different that they take care of the students need. In language schools most government subjects are teached in English. Most of these schools apply German or French as major language. Because of their high cost, they are likely to be more advance with more facilities . Religious Schools, mainly their teaching depends on religious subjects such as Catholic schools and Azhar schools. International schools follow other countries systems such as French, British and American systems; they have different exams and education system depending on the country system.Government universities Government universities are under the government administration. It the ten years after 1952 revolution, the education grows up by 1400 percent. In 1989-90 there were fourteen public universities and total enrollment of 700,000. Education is free, students only pays the registration fees. The public university gets their finance from the state. Some of advantages are low cost; a lot of extracurricular activities are available for students, and more students which means more opportunities to find the right friends.Some of disadvantages are very high numbers of student in small classes, no facilities are available for students, also Dena Rashed mentioned that due the social-political factors, public universities student suffer from right of acceptance, and this effected on the quality of education which is in downward. Some of well known public universities are: Ain Shams University, Cairo University, Alexandria University, Helwan University, and Mansoura University. Now a day’s Public universities have almost the same education as in the private universities called â€Å"special education†, the change the student for extra fees.The point from it to improve the education system in public universities Private universities Private universities are Foreign o r Egyptian, and mostly small size of student with higher tuition cost. The first private universities were established in Egypt were in 1919 and they are The American University in Cairo. There are almost twenty one private universities through Egypt. Paul Cochrane pointed out that by the next year new nine private universities will reopen and will raise the acceptance of Egyptian students by 2. million. Some of the advantages are: High- Quality education, smaller class size, greater class participation, and better environment. Some of disadvantages are high cost; cultural may not be suitable for the student, and limit major offering. In Private universities admission system is different than public universities but similar to enrollment procedures worldwide. Some of the known Private universities are: Ahram Canadian University, French University, British University, Future University, and Misr International University. MIU and AIN SHAMS University: Misr international university is private university established in 1996, all the courses teach in English, the rank of the university worldwide is 500. Some of the faculties that MIU offers are Pharmacy, Business Administration, Architecture Engineering, Electronics ; communication engineering, Alsun, Mass communication, Computer Science, and Dentistry. Also the university offer cross- cultural programs, for example with Bremen University of Applied Science and University of Prince Edward Island.Ain Shams University is Government University founded in 1950, it contain eight campuses. Its rank 15th in Africa, It has seventeen facilities, some of them are: Law, Medicine, Specific Education, Women’s College, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, and Nursing. Solutions: Mohamed Aboulghar position the three stages for basic university education, first, it enhance the general knowledge and culture among students and this will help him/her in starting a career with a lot of knowledge about life and with extra global vision.Second, help the students to have their own personalities and to be more creative and independent, having the ability of thinking freely and make decisions on their own. Third teaching the students professional skills beside their basic knowledge. Other are the social climate, Gray D. Borich point out the three different types of social climate, first, competitive climate where student compete to the right solution, second cooperative climate where students work with each other to reach a satisfaction solution, third individualistic climate where the students complete the assignment based on the best answer they think about.Also motivation is important, Robert E. Slavin state that it’s the educator’s job to motivate students and merge in entertaining activities that can help in learning. Conclusion: Egypt have strong and historical education systems, but in the recent years were filled up with problems and careless from the ministry of education. All students have problems, either in Ain Shams or MIU University. In Ain Shams the main problems are not professional doctors, less facilities, bad environment, huge number of students in one class, and unfair grading system. For MIU the problems were drop because of attendance, and the location of university. As I see MIU students, like their university and satisfied by the exams level and facilities, and they have great environment. The majority of AIN SHAMS students are hard worker, they appreciate the education but their environment doesn’t help. How to cite Comparing Between Government and Private Education in Egypt, Papers

Outsourcing Seats to Turkey

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of outsourcing on VDL Group’s supply chain strategy and processes. In addition, a plan to outsource CAD conversion services to Outsource2india will be presented.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Outsourcing Seats to Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Outsourcing refers to the process of â€Å"contracting with a third-party service provider for the management and completion of a certain amount of work, for a specified length of time, cost, and level of services† (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, p. 4). The main objective of outsourcing is to enable companies to improve their competitiveness through cost reduction, economies of scale, and flexibility in production (Varadarajan 2008, pp. 1165-1172). VDL is a manufacturing company that was founded in the Netherlands in 1953. The company is organized into four divisions namely, subcontracting, car assembly, bus/ coach, and finished products (VDL 2014). The subcontracting division specializes in mechatronic systems, manufacturing plastics, and surface treatment. The car assembly division produces cars on behalf of other companies. The bus and coach division produces coaches and buses. The finished product division produces several products, which include car suspension systems, heating systems, and production automation systems (VDL 2014). Overall, the group consists of 81 operating companies that specialize in the production of specific products. The group has operations in 18 countries where it employs over 9,100 employees. In 2012, the company realized 1,756 million Euros in revenues (VDL 2014). Impact of Outsourcing VDL has outsourced production of the seats for its cars and buses to a Turkish company referred to as Brusa Seating. Brusa Seating specializes in the design, development, and production of seats, which it sells to original manufacturers of c ommercial vehicles (Brusa 2014). Outsourcing has had the following impacts on VDL. First, outsourcing has enabled the company to adjust the scale and scope of its production capability at a low cost. Given the high competition in the automobile industry, manufacturing companies have had to adopt lean production technologies in order to reduce operating costs. One of the strategies being used by VDL is to produce cars and buses on demand. This means that the company has to adjust its production capacity frequently in order to satisfy existing demand without holding unnecessary inventory or stock of completed buses/ cars. When the demand for buses is high, the company simply increases its order for new seats. This leads to cost savings since the company does not have to invest in new production systems or inventory to produce more seats (Williamson 2008, pp. 5-14). Conversely, when demand for buses is declining, the company orders for fewer seats. As a result, it avoids operating at e xcess capacity, thereby eliminating the costs associated with warehousing and laying off staff during low demand seasons.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, outsourcing enables VDL to concentrate on its core activities, which include assembling cars and manufacturing buses. Undoubtedly, companies cannot pursue excellence in all activities in their value chain due to resource limitations (Liu Nagurney 2011, pp. 539-549). Thus, companies focus on their core competence in order to achieve a competitive advantage. In this context, core refers to the activities that are performed internally, contribute directly to the bottom line, and determine the future of the company. VDL’s core competence is in assembling cars and buses on behalf of third parties. Thus, it outsources the manufacture of car parts such as seats to third party producers where the manufacture of car parts is a core competence. Outsourcing enables companies to focus on activities that add value to their customers (Tayauova 2012, pp. 188-195). At VDL, the value adding activities include product development, research, and provision of technical support to customers. By focusing on these activities, the company has been able to improve the quality of its products, thereby increasing sales, customer satisfaction, and market share. Finally, outsourcing enables VDL to achieve cost advantages through economies of scale. Economies of scale refer to a cost advantage that a company achieves through increased production of a given product (Belcourt 2006, pp. 269-279). Specifically, the fixed cost per unit reduces as the number of units produced rises. Outsourcing enables VDL to achieve economies of scale in several ways. To begin with, it enables the company to increase its production capacity without incurring the fixed costs associated with hiring new employees and holding large inv entories. Outsourcing also enables the company to improve its efficiency by purchasing seats at a favorable price. In particular, Brusa Seating has to supply the seats to VDL at a competitive price in order to maintain the outsourcing contract. Economies of scale enable VDL to reduce the average cost of producing its buses and cars, thereby improving its profit margins. Moreover, low production costs enable VDL to price its products competitively, thereby overcoming competition in the market. Risks and Benefits Benefits First, VDL benefits from access to the capabilities and the expertise of Brusa Seating. The automotive industry is capital intensive and thrives on the application of advanced technologies to achieve product and process innovation. This requires investments in modern production systems and the best talent (Gabriela Clark 2006, pp. 250-253).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Outsourcing Seats to Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The automotive industry in the Netherland is underdeveloped due to its high concentration. As a result, access to talent and advanced production technologies is limited. By contrast, Turkey’s automotive industry consists of numerous large producers who have decades of experience. Thus, outsourcing enables VDL to access advanced technologies and expertise through Brusa Seating (Weidenbaum 2005, pp. 311-315). Second, the company benefits from low labor costs by outsourcing to Brusa Seating. Turkey is â€Å"an emergent market in the new millennium expected to attract the interest of global companies in their attempt to obtain competitive advantages† (Aktas et al. 2011, pp. 833-852). One of the main advantages of Turkey is low labor cost. In 2013, the average hourly labor cost in the Netherlands was $34.75, whereas in Turkey the cost was $5 (World Bank 2014). Low labor costs enable Brusa Seating to produce seats for VDL at a low c ost. As a result, VDL’s overall cost of producing buses and cars will reduce in the long-run (Quelin Duhamel 2003, pp. 647-661). Third, VDL has achieved a competitive advantage in the market through outsourcing. The company has achieved a differentiation advantage by contracting Brusa Seating to manufacture its seats. As a specialized seat producer, Brusa Seating focuses on conducting research and development to produce seats that meet the specific needs of its customers. Through product innovation, Brusa Seating has been able to supply VDL with seats that offer more comfort and flexibility than those provided by other companies. Differentiation will enable VDL’s buses to penetrate the market easily. Risks First, outsourcing to a Turkish company exposes VDL to the risk of language barriers. The official language in Turkey is Turkish. Over 90% of Turkey’s population speaks Turkish. By contrast, Dutch is the official language in the Netherlands and it is used by over 90% of the population. Only 0.06% of the Netherland’s population can speak Turkish and Arabic. This means that communication is likely to be a problem since the employees of VDL and Brusa Seating are not likely to speak the same language. Undoubtedly, language barriers cause serious challenges such as misunderstandings among business partners. This can lead to costly mistakes such as poor product development and ineffective coordination of supply chain activities (Foogooa 2008, pp. 858-864).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, VDL and Brusa Seating have different levels of skills, expertise, and technical infrastructure. These differences limit the ability of the two companies to collaborate through joint research and development activities. As a strategic partner, VDL has to involve Brusa Seating in its product development initiatives to meet its product quality objectives. However, collaboration during product development will be very difficult if the employees from the two companies have different levels of expertise and skills (Trott 2006, pp. 672-681). For instance, VDL’s employees may not understand the procedures that their counterparts at Brusa Seating use to manufacture seats. Lack of special skills in key areas such as management of people, contracts, and processes will limit VDL’s ability to maintain control over the quality of the seats produced by Brusa Seating (Rottman Lacity 2006, pp. 56-63). Finally, cultural differences between the two companies and their countries of origin can limit their ability work as partners. Culture is an important aspect of every business since it determines the way people think, make decisions, communicate, coordinate, and resolve conflicts. The Netherlands and Turkey have very different cultures. Turkey has a high-context culture in which individuals value reputation, politeness, and tradition rather than clarity. The Netherlands, on the other hand, has a low-context culture where people value individualism and achievement. Given these differences, employees from the two companies are likely to have different expectations about the outsourcing partnership (Barthelemy Geyer 2001, pp. 195-202). The resulting communication gaps or misunderstandings can lead to conflicts that will eventually lead to failure. Outsourcing CAD Conversion Services to Outsource2india Developing and executing an effective outsourcing plan involves following five key steps, which are summarized in figure 1. Based on this framework, VDL should consider the following plan to outsource CAD conversion services to Outsource2india Ltd. Figure 1: Framework for Outsourcing Needs Assessment CAD conversion is the process of transforming hardcopy designs into a computer aided design format to facilitate improved storage, accuracy, and easy modification. As a manufacturer, VDL requires effective CAD conversion services to improve the quality of its services. CAD conversion is a vital process that requires advanced expertise, resources, and a dedicated team of professionals. Thus, VDL will require a significant amount of financial capital and expertise to run its own CAD conversion department. This is likely to shift the focus of the company away from its core activity of assembling cars and buses (Mclvor 2008, pp. 24-34). Since CAD conversion is not a core activity, VDL can outsource tasks such as CAD digitization, conversion to MicroStation, conversion of JPG to DWG, and conversion to AutoCAD to Outsource2india (Mclvor 2008, pp. 24-34). By outsourcing these tasks to an experienced third-party, VDL will benefit from time efficiency, quality work, and better utilization of its resources (Kobelsky Robinson 2010, 105-119). In addition, the company will save the costs associated with hiring and training CAD conversion staff and the cost of operating a CAD department. Proposal and Contracting Outsource2india has core competence in providing CAD conversion services to global firms. The company has a flexible capacity to handle any scope of CAD conversion work (Outsource2india 2014). Its capability is characterized by access to high-end technologies and infrastructure, as well as, the use of the latest software. Additionally, the company has in-built redundancy, which will facilitate quick capacity adjustments in response to an increase in demand (Outsource2india 2014). Outsource2india will provide high quality CAD conversion services due to its ability to access a highly skilled workforce. As a specialist in CAD conversion services, Outsource2india has invested in employees with technical skills and expertise in various aspects of computer aided design. As a result, it will provide custom CAD conversion solutions to suit each project’s requirements. Outsource2india provides time zone benefits since the company operates 24 hours, seven days a week. Thus, VDL will benefit from quick turnaround time (Samsudin, Hasim Fuzi 2013, pp. 1-8). Moreover, VDL will save up to 50% of its operating costs due to the low labor costs in India (Outsource2india 2014). Thus, the proposal to contract Outsource2india will enable VDL to enjoy both differentiation and cost advantages (Jensen 2011, pp. 311-326). Communication and Change Management At this stage, Outsource2india will collaborate with VDL to articulate the issues associated with outsourcing CAD conversion services. The communication vehicles that will be used include VDL Group’s newsletters and meetings. The communication activities wil l be used to identify the affected stakeholders and the basis of relationship between Outsource2india and VDL (Tate Ellram 2009, pp. 256-268). In addition, the benefits of outsourcing will be explained to the affected stakeholders to motivate them to support the anticipated changes in organizational design that will occur due to outsourcing CAD conversion services (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). Transition Management This stage will involve establishing the transition governance system to align the objectives and strategies of VDL to Outsource2india’s delivery system (Mani, Barua Whinston 2006, pp. 15-28). The change control process will be implemented to address emerging risks (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). In addition, the timeline for completing the work and the expected deliverables will be clarified at the transition stage. Training programs will be implemented to facilitate knowledge transfer from Outsource2india to VDL. Moreover, rela tionship management initiatives will focus on promoting effective coordination of supply chain activities between Outsource2india and VDL (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2009, pp. 94-112). Service Stabilization The transition team will be in charge of the service stabilization stage to ensure that the expected deliverables are achieved. Outsource2india will focus on delivering the CAD conversion services as required by VDL. The relationship governance structure will be used to resolve any issues that might arise during the provision of the outsourced services (Dolgui Proth 2013, pp. 6769-6777). Recommendations According to the agency theory, outsourcing contracts are likely to face significant challenges if the vendor and the client have different goals. Outsourcing is likely to fail if the client is not able to measure the vendor’s output (Ryan Delgado-Sanchez 2009, pp. 52-71). Moreover, opportunistic vendors will always take advantage of the loopholes in the outsourcing cont ract to fulfill their goals at the expense of their clients. In order to avoid these challenges, VDL should use an outcome-based contract where the vendors are paid according to their achievements. This will shift the risks associated with the contract to the vendor, thereby encouraging high productivity (Logan 2000, pp. 27-30). VDL should control vendors’ opportunistic behaviors by increasing its involvement in the production of the outsourced services. Additionally, it should hire a qualified independent consultant to audit the vendors to enhance achievement of the desired quality standards. Second, VDL should visit Brusa Seating’s premises in Turkey to inspect the adequacy of its production capacity and to identify the challenges that the company is likely to face in producing seats. This will enable VDL to identify the risks that are likely to reduce the effectiveness of its outsourcing contract with Brusa Seating in order to take timely actions (Kroes Ghosh 2009, pp. 124-143). Finally, VDL should invest in IT and communication techniques to improve its supply chain system. This involves integrating its supply chain system with those of its outsourcing partners to facilitate effective exchange of information and coordination of activities. Integration can be achieved through technologies such as cloud computing and business-to-business e-commerce platforms. Furthermore, VDL should train its employees on various languages to overcome communication challenges. This will facilitate effective communication between the company and its outsourcing partners who are based in various countries. References Aktas, E, Agaran, B, Ulengin, F Onsel, S 2011, The Use of Outsourcing Logistics: The Case of Turkey, Transportation Research Part C, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 833-852. 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Tate, W Ellram, L 2009, Offshore Outsourcing: A Managerial Framework, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 256-268. Tayauova, G 2012, Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing: Analysis of Outsourcing Practices of Kazakhstan Banks, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 41 no. 1, pp. 188-195. Varadarajan, R 2008, Outsourcing: Think More Expansively, Journal o f Business Research, vol. 62 no. 2, pp. 1165-1172. VDL 2014, Profile, https://www.vdlgroep.com/nl. Weidenbaum, M 2005, Outsourcing: Pros and Cons, Business Horizon, vol. 48 no. 1, pp. 311-315. Williamson, O 2008, Outsourcing: Transaction Cost Economics and Supply Chain Management, Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 44 no. 2, pp. 5-14. World Bank 2014, Data Bank, http://www.worldbank.org/. This coursework on Outsourcing Seats to Turkey was written and submitted by user JoantheMouse to help you with your own studies. 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