Impacts Of HIV And AIDS - 2002 Words

The emergence of HIV and AIDs in the early 1980s has led to untold public health, socio-economic and demographic challenges. Describe the impact of HIV/AIDs on individuals, family and the community under the following headings Educational, Economic, Social, Demographic, Psycho-emotional, Religious ECONOMIC Countries with high national debts and low GNP such as Mozambique experience greater difficulties in providing the care and support to the infected and affected. HIV/AIDS results in greater number of illness and death especially among the working class. This results in increased cases of absenteeism which results in more work for employees already present required to stand in for their colleagues hence leading to higher overtime†¦show more content†¦Life expectancy in most countries in Africa would be at least 50 years or greater but countries such as Botswana and Namibia who boast more than 20 percent prevalence have an estimated drop between 24-42 years in life expectancy (imf.org). Women accounted for 48 percent of all adults living with HIV worldwide and 69 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa due to their bio-physiology, vulnerability to rape and assigned gender roles among others. In Kenya HIV prevalence rates in women was at 7.7 percent compared to the 4 percent in men (NACC, 2006: Daily Nation- October12, 2006: 3). The youth are a t the greatest risk as half of the new infections worldwide are confined to the 15-24 age group of who young women account for majority of the infected. Around 6,000 youth become infected with HIV every day(UNAIDS, 2006). Most of the infected die within ten years due to lack of treatment leaving behind shattered families and crippled prospects for sustainable development (Republic of Kenya, 2005). The number of AIDS orphans has increased since the pandemic started. In Kenya there were 39.000 orphans in 1987, 968,287 in 2001,1,780,557 in 2004 and the number of orphans in 2010 was expected to be around 2,204,115Show MoreRelatedThe Impacts of HIV and AIDS1161 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS and its Impacts HIV/AIDS is an illness that has been known across the globe for more than two decades because of its effects on people, families, and relationships. This disease has contributed to the deaths of millions of people throughout the world while there are other millions of people living with the illness. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is also evident in the fact that it continues to affect people, families, and communities every day. The impact of this disease on families and communitiesRead MoreThe Impact Of Hiv / Aids917 Words   |  4 Pages This paper provides a brief overview of the impact of HIV/AIDS. It then focuses on the policymaking process and the purpose of the health policy. From there we move to on to the five-step of policy analysis and conclude with a strong recommendation to help bring this disease under control. The purpose of this paper is to identify and further understand key factors that may impact the decision of our nations to address HIV/AIDS in homes, schools, organizations, and communities. The legislatureRead MoreHiv / Aids Impact And Intervention1538 Words   |  7 PagesHIV/AIDS Impact and Intervention Group Research Assignment Russia 1. General background and statistics Physical Geography : the largest country in the world in size, with an area of more than 6.6 million square miles. Location : Northern Asia and Eastern Europe. Total Population : about 144 million citizens. Demographic : Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%, Bashkir 0.9%, Belarusian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1% (Russia - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette) MajorRead MoreImpact of Culture on the Spread of Hiv/Aids in Kenya5438 Words   |  22 PagesAbdalla A. Bafagih Professor Trent Newmeyer Sociology of AIDS Soc 309Y1F June 21, 2004 Impact of Culture on the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Kenya a national culture is not a folklore, nor an abstract populism that believes it can discover the people’s true nature†¦.a national culture is the whole body of the efforts made by a people in the sphere of thought to describe, justify and praise the action through which that people has created itself and keeps itself in existenceRead MoreSocio Economic Impact of Hiv and Aids to Nigerian Economy4501 Words   |  19 PagesScience Vol. 4, No. 1; January 2012 The Effects of HIV/AIDS Scourge on Production and Income among Rural Households in Adamawa State of Nigeria Iya, I. B., Purokayo, S. G., Gabdo Yusuf Department of Economics Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria Received: October 12, 2011 doi:10.5539/gjhs.v4n1p245 Abstract The paper investigates the determinants and the impact of HIV/AIDS on households in Adamawa State. 120 respondents affected with HIV/AIDS were selected for interview using simple randomRead MoreEssay on Impact of Stigma of HIV-AIDS in the South African Workplace1497 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy is â€Å"Impact of Stigma of HIV/AIDS in the South African workplace.† This falls under a discipline of business management in the financial management degree I am currently doing and one of the key areas of focus within business management is workplace challenges. I believe that HIV/AIDS stigmas are challenges regularly faced in the South African work environment. The purpose of this research review is to gain insight and deeper understanding of what workplace stigma towards HIV/AIDS is in theRead More2.0 Impacts of HIV/AIDS 2.1 Economic - Healthcare 2.1.1 Human Capital Good health is an element of600 Words   |  3 Pages2.0 Impacts of HIV/AIDS 2.1 Economic - Healthcare 2.1.1 Human Capital Good health is an element of human capital and is an essential ingredient for a productive population. HIV/AIDS influences economic growth by dropping the accessibility of labor. Devoid of proper nutrition, health care and medication is available in developing countries, whereas a large number of people are falling victim to AIDS. 2.1.2 Increased Demand for Health Care People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to workRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids Essay791 Words   |  4 Pages 1.INTRODUCTION There is a global trend that HIV/AIDS has prevailed the globe. According to the UNAIDS, at the end of the year 2015 there were approximately 36.7 million people around the world infected with HIV/AIDS including the estimated 2.1 million individuals worldwide who were newly infected in that year. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that a limit of 54% of HIV/AIDS individuals know that they’re infected. It also indicates that two thirds of the reported caseRead MoreHiv / Aids And Aids948 Words   |  4 Pages33.3 million people are infected or living with HIV, of which 22.5 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, of the2.5 million children in the world estimated to be living with HIV, 2.3 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. Southern Africa, the most affected region, includes a number of middle- and lower-middle-income nations known as the hyperendemic countries. In South Africa alone, there are about 5.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS. In Swazila nd, 42 per cent of women attending antenatalRead MoreSocial Services During Sub Saharan Africa951 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Services Provided in Sub-Saharan Africa have had a Positive Impact on People Infected and Affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Summary Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease that has evolved over time into an epidemic. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world with the highest population of infected individuals and some of the lowest access to resources needed provide preventative education, treatment, and support for the disease. This study examines five studies conducted

Children Of The Anti Vaccination Movement - 943 Words

Previous Conceptualizations of Vaccination Approaches in Research Due to the attention the anti-vaccination movement has received, many researchers have attempted to determine who is participating in the anti-vaccination movement. I am not the first to call for distinctions in children who were not fully-up-to-date (FUTD) on vaccines from those who are. Previous research on vaccination status has considered the children of â€Å"non vaccinators† as two distinct groups: undervaccinated and unvaccinated. Unlike selectively-vaccinated children, who intentionally were spared a particular vaccine, in much of this research undervaccinated children are identified as those who have inconsistent access to medical care (Reich 2014). Undervaccinated children are more likely to share particular demographic characteristics such as being below the poverty line, having a mother who is younger, unmarried, and has not attended college (Reich 2014; Smith 2004). This group is perceived to be unable, in most circumstances, to obtain the recommended vaccinations due to a wide variety of external factors. Undervaccinated children, in this sense, have been of particular interest to public health officials as they have attempted to implement programs to remove the cost of vaccines to increase availability (Smith et al. 2008). Undervaccination, like discussed earlier, has been reduced with the enactment of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program by the United States government (Whitney et al. 2014). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Anti Vaccination Movement :1300 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Thinking Problem Solving GEN 1113 19 March 2016 The Anti-Vaccination Movement Step one: The current issue I have selected to discuss is vaccinations. In particular, I will be addressing the anti-vaccination movement that has gained popularity in recent years and the contributing biases that influenced its emergence. One event stands out at as a major contributing factor to the growth of the anti-vaccination movement, the 1998 study by Andrew Wakefield that was published by the EnglishRead MoreArticle Critique : Children Vaccinations1705 Words   |  7 Pages Article Critique: Children Vaccinations The controversial issues of children vaccinations have been an on going dilemma in today’s society. Within the article Anti-Vaccination Movement and Parental Refusals of Immunization of Children in USA by Marian Olpinski the author goes into detail about the definite pros of getting your child vaccinated. The author states that since the anti-vaccination movement has been growing, more and more parents are not getting their children vaccinated. Due to thisRead MoreVaccine Requirements : Vaccine Requirement Rights1149 Words   |  5 Pageshospital visits, and ensure healthier children, families and communities† (Berkley). Parents believe that by passing up on a chance to let their children get vaccinated they are protecting them from a harmful substance, but these parents don’t realize that by denying vaccines they are endangering the lives of their children. As parents begin to reject vaccines for their children panic in communities are on the rise. Fatal diseas es that are easily preventable via vaccination are spreading from child to childRead MoreNo Needles: Why Vaccination Proponents Persuasive Methods are Counterintuitive1575 Words   |  7 Pagesbright-eyed children of their lives. Thankfully, though, with the development of vaccines, populations have grown larger and healthier over the past century. Sadly, despite the improved longevity of our species, many people are still undecided about—or vehemently against—childhood vaccination. They claim that vaccinations are dangerous and responsible for autism and other conditions. Medical experts, however, refute these claims by citing both the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. In fact,Read MoreThe Anti Vaccination Movement ( 283 )911 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved vaccinations are being developed† (283). Yet as the efficiency of vaccines keeps growing, so does the number of people opposed to them. The anti-vaccination movement, or AVM for short, is the term use d to describe the growing wave of hesitancy or outright refusal to vaccinate. This normally would not be so controversial; however, some parents who are anti-vax also refuse to vaccinate their children, which is incredibly serious. It is important for us to understand the anti-vaccination movementRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Immunizations : Victims Of Their Own Success By Tony Cappello966 Words   |  4 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Jim Carry, Jenny McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy. What do all these celebrities have in common? All of them are anti-vaccine. The articles that I have found that relate to my field of study are â€Å"Immunizations: Victims of Their Own Success† by Tony Cappello and â€Å"Addressing the Anti- Vaccination Movement and the Roles of HCW† by S. Tafuri, MS Gallone, MG Cappelli, D. Martinelli, R Prato, et al. Both of these articles are trying to portray the importance of the importance of vaccinesRead MoreThe Anti Vaccine Movement And The Vaccine1620 Words   |  7 Pages The Anti-Vaccine Movement Although the MMR link to autism is one of the most recent anti-vaccine incidences, the anti-vaccine movement didn’t begin with the suggestion that MMR caused autism. Previous vaccine scare incidences arose prior to the 1998 study on MMR that fueled more anti-vaccine sentiments. Offit (2011) claims that the modern American anti-vaccine movement began when a documentary titled DPT: Vaccine Roulette, aired on April 19, 1982. The documentary questioned the safety and effectivenessRead MoreVaccines : The Anti Vaccine Movement1385 Words   |  6 Pagessave lives; fear endangers them. Vaccinations have been used since the 18th century to cure various deadly diseases, from smallpox to the influenza virus. On a global level, vaccination is one of the few cost-effective medical measures that result in universal benefit. Yet there have always been those opposed to vaccinations because of possible side effects. With the increase in technology and the ability to share ideas in modern so ciety the anti vaccine movement has flourished making the eradicationRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccination1414 Words   |  6 PagesDisease Control (CDC) describes vaccination as being one of the ten greatest achievements in public health of the 20th century (CDC 1999) Despite this regard, speculation regarding the matter of vaccines has been around for nearly the entirety of their existence (Wolfe 2002). In his book, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, Author Paul Offit does well in informing readers of the ongoing debate regarding the safety and implementation of vaccinations. Offit begins his book byRead MoreNegative Effects Of Vaccinations1524 Words   |  7 Pagesgain immunity from deadly smallpox, the vaccination has greatly reduced the rate of infection and death by vaccine-preventable diseases. However, when receiving the vaccination became a compulsory law in the mid-1800’s in the UK, protestors shot up expressing that the laws go again st their civil liberty. This was the beginning of the anti-vaccination movement, a movement which has not ceased to this day, full of people with deeply rooted beliefs that vaccinations aren’t as beneficial as the general public

Swot Target Corporation Free Essays

SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ Target Corporation is the second larges retailer after Wal-Mart in US. †¢ Huge market share in US. †¢ Large number of retail networks around 1500 stores. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Target Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ Increase sales after each year. †¢ Target stores have variety of products which includes clothing, shoes, jewelry, health and beauty products, electronics, compact discs, DVDs, bedding, kitchen supplies, sporting goods, toys, pet supplies, automotive supplies, and hardware supplies. †¢ It provides very good shopping environment for the customers †¢ Strong distribution channels. †¢ The most recognized corporate logos in United Stated, ahead of the Nike. Target Stores are more attractive then Wal-Mart. †¢ The top seller of Gift Cards in US. †¢ Target is committed to having their location accessible to many of their current and potential guests Weaknesses †¢ Target products are more expensive as compared to competitors. †¢ Limited visibility in International Market. †¢ Target Corporation brand awareness is low as compared to Wal-Mart. Opportunities †¢ Increase market share †¢ To take on competitions plans (i. e. , Wal-Mart) and focus on opening stores in international markets †¢ New locations give Target the opportunity to be diverse in the market. More and more Targets are attaching to trendy malls in different market segments. Threats †¢ Fierce competition from Wal-mart and Costco. †¢ The current recession possibly divert the customer from high price products to low price products. †¢ In some markets, Target’s prices are higher than competitors †¢ Terrorism is increasing; security is the main concern of the customers. ? Translate ke Indonesia kekuatan †¢ Target Corporation adalah pengecer kedua terbesar setelah Wal-Mart di AS. †¢ pangsa pasar yang besar di Amerika Serikat. †¢ Jaringan ritel yang besar sekitar 1500 toko. †¢ Penjualan terus meningkat dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Target memiliki berbagai produk yang meliputi pakaian, sepatu, perhiasan, produk kesehatan dan kecantikan, elektronik, CD, DVD, tempat tidur, perlengkapan dapur, barang olahraga, mainan, persediaan hewan peliharaan, perlengkapan otomotif, dan perlengkapan perangkat keras. †¢ Menyediakan lingkungan belanja y ang sangat baik untuk pelanggan †¢ Logo perusahaan yang paling diakui di Amerika Lain dalam perusahaan Retailer. †¢ Toko target adalah lebih menarik maka Wal-Mart. kelemahan †¢ Produk Target lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan pesaing. †¢ Brand awareness Target Corporation rendah dibandingkan dengan Wal-Mart. eluang †¢ Meningkatkan pangsa pasar †¢ Untuk mengambil rencana kompetisi (misalnya, Wal-Mart) dan fokus pada membuka toko di pasar internasional †¢ Lokasi Baru memberikan kesempatan untuk menjadi sesuatu yang berbeda di pasar. Target Semakin banyak melampirkan ke mal trendi dalam segmen pasar yang berbeda. ancaman †¢ Persaingan sengit dari Wal-mart dan Costco. †¢ Resesi saat ini mungkin mengalihkan pelanggan dari produk harga tinggi untuk produk harga `murah. †¢ Di beberapa pasar, harga Target lebih tinggi dari pesaing †¢ Terorisme meningkat, keamanan adalah perhatian utama dari pelanggan. How to cite Swot Target Corporation, Essay examples

Journal Of Management Policy And Practice - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Management Policy and Practice. Answer: Introduction Self-confidence is a vast term in itself. It can drive a person to achieve its set goals. An individual can achieve target with his self confidence level. Self confidence is a necessary to all the leaders working globally as well as in a national level (DeBono Muraven, 2013). The report will give a close concept of self confidence and its relation with leadership. It will also show a study of self analysis with different diagnostic tools such as Quinn Management questionnaire, ESCI tool, literature review of different studies showing the relation of leadership and self confidence. The considered theories are Maslows need theory, Terror management theory and Sociometer theory. It shows some evidences of the practices of recent events associated with the given results of diagnostic tools. Then lastly the report also includes the action plan where the improvements are needed to enhance with few activities, exercises and training programs. Self Analysis: Using Diagnostic Tools Quinn Management Questionnaire From the Quinn test, it was observed that, I got the score of 89% in Mentor where it states that I am a helpful, caring, sensitive and open. The result included that I have the quality of listening and supporting and consecutively express the idea and ability of stimulating personal development by enhancing skills and education. Scoring 82% in facilitator shows that I have a good presentation reputation and influencing power, with the ability of becoming representative for the department. And then scoring 80% in Coordinator shows that I have a good potential to support and maintain the structure of the system and reliable enough for the employee and management. Adding to it is the typical behavior to manage several crises. Lastly in innovator scoring 67% it proves that I notice changing environment and recognize the trends as well. Upon my test it also be noticed that decisions I would be making will be based upon the predictions from the previous facts and data. ESCI (emotional Intelligence) According to my test where I needed to answer 15 questions. The score comment was divided in 3 sections where the section of 15-34 was labeled as low emotional intelligence. The second section was 35-55 which I had scored and the comment is that I have a good emotional intelligence level. In addition I would be able to create good relationships with the colleagues and sometimes it might be problem for me to work with strangers. The comment also stated that I have high opportunity of improving my work relationship and the last comment was 56-75 which depicts higher emotional intelligence level. Situational Leadership Questionnaire Taking this test was interesting as there were many situations given and each had suitable choices for section. I had in total 20 questions to answer. There were 4 types of category, on which I was categorized under leadership style 2. The leadership style 2 was selling and coaching. Its results were high work and relationship focus, unable to do however is willing and motivated to the work. The style says that the people in this category listen and praise others work and motivate them to finish their work efficiently. However, there is a need to think from other point of view of the situation. Some of the past incidents will show that the above given results of 3 diagnostic tools are true as to my practice. The first day of my college, was the day when I was alone sitting in the class room, suddenly a group of few students arrived there and they asked me to give my introduction. At first I was very confident and I started with introducing my name and then one of them asked from which country I came. I kept on answering their question and lastly the introduction session with them was over. Later on I came to know that they were my seniors. From that day they often use to ask me for any help I needed in the college. From that day, I made new relation in the whole new college on the very first day. Then last month in my basketball game our coach made me the captain of the team for consecutively two matches. I had never been leading any team before this and it was a whole new experience I was about to observe. Then came the day when I needed to lead my team on the first match. Match started and I had been losing my confidence along with failing to score points. The score board showed 5 points, the opponent had scored. That moment brought me to a stage to think deep. I took a decision which was strange but I took a risk in order I had believe that it should work. Hence, we started playing in the way opponent did not think. I made a strategy among my players that who might ever get the ball in his hand he should straight go and have the target to put the ball in basket. Therefore this strategy worked; finally we scored 12 points against 10 and won the match. After that day, I gained my confidence and likely used new strategy according to the match and won the second match also. It proves that the above test taken and the results of it are evidence of what internal confidence I have. From the above, it can be identified that the areas needed to improve according to the test results are I should focus on being more goal oriented and should not hesitate before applying any new strategy. In simple words, creativity and innovation is lacking. Then observing the situation and pointing out several perception of the situation is another identified skill that needed to be enhanced. Literature review Self-confidence is an attitude or a segment of emotion that enables an individual to earn success and move forward to achieve a certain goal. Self confidence is commonly addressed as self assurance in an individuals ability, power, and personal attitude towards a situation. However, self confidence is another segment to self esteem (Marsh, Craven MARTIN, 2013), it is not identifying owns ability but rather specifically focuses on the ability of someone to achieve his goals with realistic views. Being self confident can bring success. Trying to lead without self confidence in himself or herself is similar to building a castle on sand. The base remains hollow and weak. A leader is required to enhance his or her self confidence competencies and skills to face risk and handle the situation and finally achieve the goals. Leaders with self confidence are able to stand against the problems and handle the conflicts directly with appropriate solutions, rather ignoring, delaying the problems (Rivkin, Diestel Schmidt, 2014). Leaders influence and motivate others with their problem solving skills and their ability to withstand the situation grows along as the confident grows. Building of self confidence within a leader allows feeling secured of his or her decisions which were made are correct and appropriating to the situation. A leader with self. The most important role for a leader is ability to make decisions and implement them. without self confidence no leader can have the courage to take decisions and stand by them. having confidence on oneself will make the leader able to make decisions and without hesitations be confident about them. Confidence will allow the leader to conduct meetings with power and strenght and employees too will find the confident leader motivating and inspiring. A confident leader will have courage and a vision. He or she remains calm even in crisis and he or she will be willing to take risks. Self confidence is a major requirement of leader in making decisions not only in present times but following since the need of leadership attributes. When a leader unteracts with his or team and he is seen to lack in confidence it automatically affects the strength and the future of his or her plans. Trait approach of leadership attributes includes six traits of which one is Self confidence (Sharma, Jain, 2013). It is believed that self confidence is one of the main characteristics of leaders. A positive self attitude is a necessary of self confidence. Relation of leadership and self confidence Maslows Hierarchy of needs Maslows hierarchy need is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper. The theory is a motivational theory of psychology consisting of 5 tier models of needs often portrayed within a pyramid as hierarchical level (Kaur, 2013). According to Maslow, he had identified 5 needs of human which are most basic needs and can result into motivation. The five needs are self actualization; esteem; love and belongingness; safety needs; biological and physiological needs. Then Maslow states that humans initially need to fulfill their physiological needs, love and belongingness needs in order to motivate them to achieve esteem needs. In the pyramid, esteem is divided into two kinds, a higher self efficacy coming from within and a lower self efficacy deriving from the respect of others. Once the common needs are fulfilled it is adaptable for one to achieve for more along with building self confidence to grab more. Terror management theory Terror Management Theory (TMT) is more deeply focused to define self confidence. It was developed in 1986 observed out from social psychological prospect. The terror referred in TMT is based on the awareness of the unavoidable death. The responding of humans with terror those highlight peoples belief, according to their own satisfaction as they try hard to secure against the terror (Greenberg, Vail Pyszczynski, 2014).As per TMT, self confidence forms when there is a need of protection against anxiety and as a result negative reaction can be seen with respect to safeguard their beliefs. Sociometer Theory Sociometer theory is a theory of self esteem that believes in self confidence in own abilities or self respect. It is introduced by Mark Leary in 1995 (Liu Zhang, 2016) and discussed by his colleagues in detail. The theory is related with peoples personal behavior to have a relational value and higher level of self confidence to face the acceptance and rejection from others. This theory helps person to create a positive attitude towards the others negative behaviors which helps a person to handle any situation effectively. Therefore it is an important part of self confidence because belief in ones own satisfaction people will try to achieve more. There are several leadership theories which can be classified as trait theory, leader behavior theory, the managerial grid and contingency theory. Trait theory is the study which considers its main focus on an individual characteristic that distinguishes the leader from his or her followers (Amanchukwu, Stanley Ololube, 2015). Managerial grid was introduced by Blake and Mouton (Bartosch et al., 2017). It is a graphical representation of 5 basic leadership styles in 2 dimensional views. Its study is based on concern for people and production. Contingency theory proposed by Fiedler, studies the behavior of the leader in different situations (McCleskey, 2014). The situational leadership theory is closely related to contingency theory. The theory studies the development level of the leader and the followers according to the organizations internal and external need (Thompson Glas, 2015). Self confidence allows making tough decisions, work after it and achieve them. Communicating, representing business and handling deals are all to be done confidently (Chemers, 2014). A leader without confidence cannot work and achieve his goals. Self confidence leads to take uncertain risk which can later give good results (Cvetkovich, 2013). Emotional intelligence is the concept of identifying and understanding to manage the emotions of own and others as well. Emotional intelligence can help to make effective decisions (Serrat, 2017). It also helps in growing good relations between employee and leaders. Leadership style is the way a leader perceives the situation, make out alternative solutions, plan and implements and motivates (Landis, Hill Harvey, 2014). In order to become a good leader, innovation is necessary to create new methods and ideas to grab the opportunities and stand out to win competitive advantage in the business. Action plan and conclusion To enhance and build self confidence there is a need of proper training. It cannot be easily earned in one day or one night. Therefore, this process will need a long term and a continual hard work in order to achieve the goal of self confidence. There are several activities, training programs available online and externally as well. Activities may include keeping journal for at least 2 months. Maintaining journal can improve self awareness as it follows a process to write down daily activities. This will also enhance communication skills that will bring confidence to speak front of all (Erozkan, 2013). Observing others and their activities and responding to emotions will help in generating self confidence. Having a nice dress style will give a feeling of different among many and build your confidence to impress them in a unique style. One of the most important things is to be positive every time whatever the situation is and try to exchange the negative ones with positive thoughts (Hannell, 2012). Another way is to work for advance preparation that is to be confident towards the activity that one does and to do that repeatedly until much of confident is built. Increase the capability to practice and learn more. For example, if one is willing to achieve good marks in studies, a daily practice of noting down and l earning is required in order to achieve the set target. Similarly, an overweight person needs to work out every day. Accordingly, keep track on certain routine such as diet, eating healthy, doing exercise to lose weight. Self confidence can also be achieved by having a goal that can be easily achieved as people always make a mistake of having a big goal and try to achieve it and they failed because it is beyond their limit (Cooper, Flint-Taylor Pearn, 2013). When one achieves a goal of his or her limit they will feel confidence that they have done something worth and will boost confidence to gain higher level goals. Concentrating on solutions will provide you the best way for your self confidence. Knowledge is the key factor for the increasing self confidence because knowing everything around and by studying it carefully will empower to be confident about anything (Putwain, Sander Larkin, 2013). Internet is one of the important tools in todays worlds to gain knowledge (Kuo et al., 2014). There are several online sites such as self confidence.co.uk provides free courses online which can be accessed from anywhere and anytime. Many worksheets are available to solve and practice. To enhance confidence do the work on the same day as given and should not left it for the next day to complete because doing the given work on the same will increase confidence. Maintaining proper body language is an essential (Baldwin, 2013). The way to seat, talk, and presentation and use of body gestures shows a lot about a particular. These body postures give a positive sign of self confidence among people. Thus in conclusion, the above study shows the three diagnostic tools used to see the result that is average and still needs much of practice to improve the skill. It is important to build self confidence within to withstand the world and handle situations. Self confidence is the stair to success. Reference Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G. J., Ololube, N. P. (2015). A review of leadership theories, principles and styles and their relevance to educational management.Management,5(1), 6-14. Baldwin, M. (Ed.). (2013).The use of self in therapy. Routledge. Bartosch, L., Baule, J., Castrilln, F., Spitzley, D. (2017). Managerial Grid nach Blake und Mouton. InZiel-und Leistungsorientierung(pp. 11-12). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Chemers, M. (2014).An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Cooper, C., Flint-Taylor, J., Pearn, M. (2013).Building resilience for success: a resource for managers and organizations. Springer. Cvetkovich, G. (2013).Social trust and the management of risk. Routledge. DeBono, A., Muraven, M. (2013). Keeping it real: self?control depletion increases accuracy, but decreases confidence for performance.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,43(4), 879-886. Erozkan, A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), 739-745. Greenberg, J., Vail, K., Pyszczynski, T. (2014). Chapter three-terror management theory and research: how the desire for death transcendence drives our strivings for meaning and significance.Advances in motivation science,1, 85-134. Hannell, G. (2012).Promoting Positive Thinking: Building Children's Self-Esteem, Self-Confidence and Optimism. Routledge. Kaur, A. (2013). Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), 1061-1064 Kuo, Y. C., Walker, A. E., Schroder, K. E., Belland, B. R. (2014). Interaction, Internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses.The Internet and Higher Education,20, 35-50. Landis, E. A., Hill, D., Harvey, M. R. (2014). A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), 97. Liu, S., Zhang, L. (2016). Sociometer Theory.Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1-4. Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., MARTIN, A. (2013). Multidimensional Perspectives.Self-esteem issues and answers: A sourcebook of current perspectives, 16. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Putwain, D., Sander, P., Larkin, D. (2013). Academic self?efficacy in study?related skills and behaviours: Relations with learning?related emotions and academic success.British Journal of Educational Psychology,83(4), 633-650. Rivkin, W., Diestel, S., Schmidt, K. H. (2014). The positive relationship between servant leadership and employees' psychological health: A multi-method approach.German Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1-2), 52-72. Serrat, O. (2017). Understanding and developing emotional intelligence. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 329-339). Springer Singapore. Sharma, M. K., Jain, S. (2013). Leadership management: Principles, models and theories.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(3), 309-318. Thompson, G., Glas, L. (2015). Situational leadership theory: a test from three perspectives.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(5), 527-544.